When Pigs Fly Ben Jonson The Devil Is An Ass

When Pigs Fly: Deconstructing Ben Jonson's "The Devil Is an Ass"

Ben Jonson's "The Devil Is an Ass," a Jacobean comedic masterpiece, presents a delightfully satirical take on the machinations of the devil and the follies of humanity. While not explicitly featuring pigs taking flight, the title's inherent absurdity mirrors the play's central theme: the chaotic ineffectiveness of even demonic intervention in the affairs of men. This article delves deep into the play's intricacies, exploring its comedic devices, social commentary, and enduring relevance in the context of its time and ours. We'll analyze its portrayal of the devil, examine its comedic techniques, and consider its lasting impact on theatre and satire.

Introduction: A Devilish Comedy of Errors

"The Devil Is an Ass" is a comedic masterpiece that cleverly subverts expectations. Instead of presenting a terrifying, all-powerful devil, Jonson portrays a bumbling, incompetent fiend, utterly outmatched by the silliness and self-destructive tendencies of humanity. The play, first performed around 1616, satirizes the prevalent anxieties and societal norms of Jacobean England, utilizing witty dialogue, farcical situations, and a cast of memorable characters to achieve its comedic effect. Understanding the play requires examining its historical context, its use of comedic techniques, and its exploration of the relationship between human folly and demonic intervention. This analysis will explore these aspects to reveal the depth and enduring appeal of Jonson's comedic genius.

The Devil's Dilemma: Incompetence and Irony

The play's central character, Satan, or "the Devil," is far from the terrifying figure often depicted. He's presented as a bureaucratically inept demon, hampered by outdated strategies and utterly bewildered by the complexities of human behaviour. His inability to effectively influence human actions forms the comedic core of the play. Jonson intentionally undercuts the traditional image of the devil as a force of pure evil, instead portraying him as a figure of comedic frustration. This ironic depiction highlights the inherent limitations of even supernatural forces when confronted with the unpredictable nature of human choices. His attempts to manipulate events often backfire spectacularly, resulting in farcical situations that amplify the comedy. The Devil’s lack of success is not due to a lack of trying, but rather a profound misunderstanding of human motivations and desires. This highlights the inherent limitations of power when it lacks understanding and adaptability.

A Cast of Comical Characters: Fools, Fops, and Fickle Lovers

Jonson populates his play with a vibrant cast of characters, each representing different aspects of human folly. These characters are not simply caricatures; they possess depth and complexity, allowing for nuanced comedic portrayals. The characters are richly developed, exhibiting relatable flaws and eccentricities that resonate with audiences even centuries later. Among the most notable are:

• Fitzdottrel: A wealthy but foolish gentleman, Fitzdottrel embodies the excesses and vanity of the upper class. His attempts to appear sophisticated only serve to highlight his inherent foolishness. His character provides a vehicle for Jonson's satire of social climbing and the superficiality of wealth.

• Pug: Fitzdottrel's servant, Pug, displays the cunning and opportunistic nature of those in lower social positions. He acts as a foil to his master's naivete and often manipulates him for his own gain. This duality between master and servant exposes social dynamics of the time.

• Meercraft: A cunning and unscrupulous lawyer, Meercraft epitomizes the corrupting influence of ambition and greed. He is willing to use any means necessary to achieve his goals, regardless of the moral consequences. His machinations often intersect with the Devil's plans, creating comedic chaos.

Comedic Techniques: A Masterclass in Jacobean Humor

Jonson masterfully employs various comedic techniques to create a hilarious and engaging experience. The play is brimming with witty dialogue, clever wordplay, and farcical situations. These techniques aren’t merely slapstick; they serve to satirize societal norms and human behavior. Some key comedic devices include:

• Slapstick and Farce: Physical comedy and exaggerated situations create a sense of playful chaos. The Devil's repeated failures and the characters' impulsive actions result in hilarious mishaps. This physical comedy provides a counterpoint to the more intellectual humor.

• Verbal Wit and Wordplay: Jonson's dialogue is sharp, witty, and filled with puns and double entendres. The characters’ interactions are often laced with clever wordplay that adds another layer of comedic depth. The quick-witted banter between characters is a cornerstone of the play's humor.

• Irony and Satire: The play is heavily reliant on irony, both situational and dramatic. The Devil's ineptitude is a constant source of irony, as his attempts to sow chaos only lead to further absurdity. The satire targets social hypocrisy, greed, and ambition.

Social Commentary: A Mirror to Jacobean Society

"The Devil Is an Ass" is not merely a comedic farce; it serves as a insightful commentary on Jacobean society. The play reflects anxieties and societal issues prevalent at the time, such as social inequality, class conflict, and the pursuit of wealth and power. Jonson's satire extends beyond individual characters, providing commentary on broader social structures and the flaws within them. The play cleverly uses humor to highlight societal problems without explicitly condemning them. The play's commentary is subtle yet powerful. Through the characters' actions and interactions, Jonson subtly exposes the hypocrisy and flaws within the society of his time.

The Enduring Legacy of "The Devil Is an Ass"

Despite being written centuries ago, "The Devil Is an Ass" retains its relevance and comedic power. Its themes of human folly, ambition, and the limitations of power continue to resonate with audiences today. The play’s enduring appeal lies in its universal themes and Jonson's masterful use of comedic techniques. The play’s exploration of human nature, although set in a specific historical context, remains timeless. The comedic situations and witty dialogue continue to provide entertainment and provoke thought. Its influence can be seen in subsequent comedic works, showcasing the enduring impact of Jonson's genius on the theatrical landscape.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• What is the central theme of "The Devil Is an Ass"? The central theme revolves around the ineffectiveness of evil, highlighting the chaotic and unpredictable nature of human behavior, even when influenced by supernatural forces. Human folly is ultimately the driving force of the play's comedic situations.

• How does Jonson portray the devil? Jonson portrays the devil not as a terrifying figure but as a bumbling, incompetent bureaucrat, highlighting the absurdity of evil when confronted with the unpredictable complexities of human nature.

• What are the main comedic techniques used in the play? The play utilizes slapstick, verbal wit, irony, and satire to create a rich comedic tapestry that entertains and simultaneously criticizes societal norms.

• What is the play's social commentary? The play satirizes social inequalities, the pursuit of wealth and power, and the hypocrisy prevalent in Jacobean society. It offers a nuanced critique of social structures and human behaviour.

Conclusion: A Timeless Comedy of Human Nature

Ben Jonson's "The Devil Is an Ass" stands as a testament to the enduring power of comedic satire. The play's masterful blend of witty dialogue, farcical situations, and insightful social commentary ensures its enduring appeal. The play’s central message—that even supernatural intervention struggles to control the unpredictable chaos of human behaviour—remains profoundly relevant. By portraying a devil who is ultimately outmatched by human folly, Jonson created a timeless comedy that continues to entertain and provoke thought, making it a significant contribution to both Jacobean theatre and the broader canon of comedic literature. The play’s enduring popularity showcases the universality of human flaws and the enduring power of laughter to expose societal hypocrisy and human folly. Jonson's clever use of dramatic irony and comedic timing ensures that "The Devil Is an Ass" remains a delight for audiences even centuries after its creation. The play’s ability to blend satire with lighthearted farce makes it a truly remarkable work of comedic genius.